Animal Genetics and breeding, a branch of Animal Sciences works as capacity-building elements of applied science for productivity in Bovines; it is used as a tool at various times. Uses are broadly categorized in the below categories:

1. Selection of Breed for a given purpose.

• Breeds are defined & registered by NBGAR, ICAR and DAD-IS, FAO.
• Breed registration is requested by animal breeders through proper applications.
• Breeds have home tracts and got developed by the animal breeders in those home tracts in long run of time to full fill local needs.

2. Selection of a pure breed female animal.

• Animal should be true to breed and free from genetic defects.
• Animal should be free from contagious diseases.
• Repeatability & MPPA.

3. Selection procedure form test bull to proven sire.

• Central govt make guidelines for animal breeding policies.
• State govts make breeding policies.
• Conventional, Genomic and Proven bulls are different bulls in market.
• Breeding value.
• Progeny testing is carried out of test bulls.
• Sire indexes are used to compare different sires.
• Breed associations do listings.
• Daughter parades are carried out.

4. Production and Selection of young test calves (Male & Female) as replacement of elder elite animals.

• Criteria should be fulfilled.
• Calf rallies are carried out.
• Inbreeding should be avoided.

5. Commonly used Mating system in nowadays.

• Open nucleus breeding system at bull mother farms.
• Co-operative breeding systems by livestock development boards.
• NDP-1.
• Intensive cattle breeding programmes.
• As per need of the hour.

6. Procurement & Maintaining of Good Genetics in current scenario.

• From local GVH/GVD of local breeds.
• From breeding companies of exotic blood.
• Staying safe from farzi people.

7. IN/OUT breeding.

• Relationship Requirements, Prepotency, Pros & Cons of inbreeding.
• Outbreeding & Top-crossing.
• Grading up & crossbreeding.
• Composites, Blood level, Inter se mating & their fate.
• Pros & Cons of heterosis.

8. Genetic gain

• Heredity & Heritability.
• Selection defferential & selection itensity.
• Genetic variance & covariance.
• Selection index.
• Genetic gain.

10. Breeding Management